![]() ![]() Temporal and spatial trends of temperature patterns in Israel. 2009.īen-Gai T, Bitan A, Manes A, Alpert P, Rubin S. World Health Organization technical report series, No 953. Identification by CI-mass spectrometry of an unexpected benzodiazepine degradation product. High-performance liquid chromatography of benzodiazepines I: stability-indicating assay of diazepam tablets. Kinetics and mechanisms of hydrolysis of 1,4-benzodiazepines II: oxazepam and diazepam. United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary (USP42-NF37): Rockville (MD) 2019. Environmental Toxicants: Human Exposures and Their Health Effects: John Wiley & Sons Inc. Rancourt RC, Richardson JR, Laskin DL, Laskin JD. The role of diazepam in the treatment of nerve agent poisoning in a civilian population. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines, 21st list (June 2019). These findings open an option for the usage of expired ampoules in special scenarios. Regarding the parameters tested: diazepam assay, MACB assay, and pH, storing ampoules of diazepam solution for injection in field conditions of high temperatures of the Mediterranean climate did not cause accelerated degradation as compared to room temperature. Intravenous administration of MACB to rats at doses ~2200-fold higher than permissible specification levels caused neither mortality nor any toxicological nor post-mortem findings. A strong correlation between the discoloration of the solutions and the concentration of MACB was obtained. ![]() A major degradation product 2-methylamino-5-chlorobenzophenone (MACB) showed a clear trend of accumulation as a function of storage time, exceeding the permitted limit at ~2 years, irrespective of storage conditions. Resultsĭiazepam assay and pH remained within pharmacopeial specifications irrespective of storage conditions. Long-term stability of diazepam ampoules for injection stored in an ambient temperature of the Mediterranean climate for ~10 years vs storage at room temperature was studied. As an emergency medicine, it requires storage at ambient temperatures which often doesn’t meet manufacturers’ requirements, leading to an early invalidation of the product. ![]() Diazepam is utilized as a convulsion antidote following nerve gas attacks. ![]()
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